分詞的時(shí)態(tài)

　　1）與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)

　　Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

　　聽(tīng)到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。

　　Arriving there, they found the boy dead.

　　剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。

　　典型例題

　　The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

　　A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing

　　答案B. 此處沒(méi)有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing。只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　2）先于主動(dòng)詞

　　While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.

　　在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。

　　分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。

　　Having finished his homework, he went out.=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

　　做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。

　　典型例題

　　___ a reply, he decided to write again.

　　A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received

　　答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫(xiě)信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

　　分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，例如：

　　He is the man giving you the money.　(= who gave you…)　他就是給你錢(qián)的那個(gè)人。

　　He is the man stopped by the car.　　( = who was stopped by…)

　　他就是那個(gè)被車(chē)攔住的人。

　　2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生

　　gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned

　　例: a well-read person.　　一個(gè)讀過(guò)許多書(shū)的人

　　a much-travelled may　一個(gè)去過(guò)許多地方的人

　　a burnt-out match　　 燒完了的火柴

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