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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、比較其與過(guò)去式

來(lái)源:奧數(shù)網(wǎng)整理 2022-04-28 21:20:39

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  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have (has) +過(guò)去分詞。

  比較過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  1)過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

  2)過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

  一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

  yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

  共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

  this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

  for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

  3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

  過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

  舉例:

  I saw this film yesterday.

  (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。)

  I have seen this film.

  (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)

  Why did you get up so early?

 。◤(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。)

  Who hasn't handed in his paper?

 。◤(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。)

  She has returned from Paris.

  她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。

  She returned yesterday.

  她是昨天回來(lái)了。

  He has been in the League for three years.

  (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

  He has been a League member for three years.

  (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

  He joined the League three years ago.

  ( 三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。)

  I have finished my homework now.

  Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

  He's already been sent for.

  句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

 。ㄥe(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

  (對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

  點(diǎn)擊查看更多:更多語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

 

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