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小學(xué)英語語法:指示代詞

來源:奧數(shù)網(wǎng)整理 2022-04-28 20:47:19

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  指示代詞

  1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:

  限定詞:This girl is Mary.

  Those men are my teachers.

  代詞:This is Mary.

  Those are my teachers.

  2) 指示代詞的句法功能

  a. 作主語

  This is the way to do it.

  這事兒就該這樣做。

  b. 作賓語

  I like this better than that.

  我喜歡這個甚至那個。

  c. 作主語補語

  My point is this.

  我的觀點就是如此。

  d. 作介詞賓語

  I don't say no to that.

  我并未拒絕那個。

  There is no fear of that.

  那并不可怕。

  說明1:指示代詞在作主語時可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時只能指物,不能指人,例如:

  (對)That is my teacher.--那是我的老師。(that作主語,指人)

  (對)He is going to marry this girl.--他要和這個姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)

  (錯)He is going to marry this. (this作賓語時不能指人)

  (對)I bought this.--我買這個。(this指物,可作賓語)

  說明2:That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時,在作先行詞時,只有those可指人,試比較:

  (對) He admired that which looked beautiful.--他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。

  (對) He admired those who looked beautiful.--他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

  (錯) He admired that who danced well.。╰hat作賓語時不能指人)

  (對) He admired those who danced well.--他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)

  (對) He admired those which looked beautiful.--他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)

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