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小升初英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí):比較

來(lái)源:家長(zhǎng)幫 2015-11-13 11:21:06

  1. 比較分三種: 一原級(jí);二比較級(jí);三最高級(jí);

  2. 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成:

  (1) 規(guī)則變化:

  (A) 單音節(jié)和雙音節(jié)字在字尾加-er和-est。

  原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)

  small smaller smallest

  wise wiser wisest

  dry drier driest

  hot hotter hottest

  后三組注意加-er和-est的變化。

  (A) 三音節(jié)以上的字和部分兩音節(jié)以上的字, 在原級(jí)前面加more和most。

  原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)

  useful more useful most useful

  diligent more diligent most diligent

  (2) 不規(guī)則變化:

  good(好的)和well(健康的)的比較級(jí)都是better; 最高級(jí)都是best;

  bad(壞的)和ill(生病的)的比較級(jí)都是worse; 最高級(jí)都是worst;

  many(很多的)和much(作形容詞是大量的; 作副詞是非常地)比較級(jí)都是more; 最高級(jí)都是most;

  little(作形容詞是小的; 作副詞是一點(diǎn)地)有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)是little, smaller less; 兩最高級(jí)是littlest, smallest least;

  far(作副詞是遠(yuǎn)地)的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)是farther(更遠(yuǎn), 表距離), further(更進(jìn)步, 表程度); 兩個(gè)最高級(jí)是farthest, furthest;

  old的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)是older(表年齡或新舊), elder(表長(zhǎng)幼順序); 兩個(gè)最高級(jí)是oldest, eldest;

  late的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)是later(表時(shí)間), latter(表順序); 兩個(gè)最高級(jí)是latest(最近的), last(最后的);

  3. 比較的方式:

  (1) 相等比較: ...as + 原級(jí) + as... 和 ...as + 原級(jí) + 名詞 + as...;

  William is as poor as John. ( = William's poverty is equal to John's.)

  She has as much money as I (have).

  (2) 劣等比較: ...less + 原級(jí) + than...( = not so or as + 原級(jí) + as...;)

  She is less careful than her. = She is not so (or as) careful as her.

  (3) 優(yōu)等比較: ...比較級(jí) + than... 和 ...the + 比較級(jí) + of the two;

  He is more careful than her.

  Jim is the more stupid of the two boys.

  4. 最高級(jí)的表達(dá)方式:

  (1) 優(yōu)等比較: (最…)

  ...the + 最高級(jí)( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(復(fù)數(shù))

  ...the + 最高級(jí)( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + in + 場(chǎng)所(單數(shù))

  A giraffe is the tallest of (or among) all animals.

  A giraffe is the tallest in the animal kingdom.

  (2) 劣等比較: (最不…)

  ...the + least + 原級(jí)( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(復(fù)數(shù))

  ...the + least + 原級(jí)( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + in + 場(chǎng)合(單數(shù))

  Grammar is the least interesting of (or among) all the subjects.

  Jack is the least diligent boy in his class.

  (3) 其他表示最高級(jí)的方式:

  (A) 用原級(jí)表示最高級(jí)。

  He is as happy as he can be. = He is happiest.

  (B) "比較級(jí) + than any other + 單數(shù)名詞"表示最高級(jí)。

  This is more difficult than any other book here.

  = This is the most difficult of all the books here.

  (C) 否定的比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)。

  Nothing can be simpler than this. = This is the simplest thing of all.

  (D) 敘述用法的最高級(jí)形容詞。

  Summer is hottest in July. She was happiest when she was young.

  1. 不用than的比較:

  (1) than的省略:

  Never before did he work harder (than now).

  (2) 作限定用法的形容詞, 常接代名詞one.

  I want a better job.

  Bring me a smaller one.

  (3) 作敘述用法的形容詞.

  He is better now.

  It is warmer this morning.

  (4) 接if子句的比較級(jí).

  You will understand it easier if you consult the dictionary.

  (5) 只作限定用法的形容詞比較級(jí), 如: inner, outer, upper, former, latter, utter, elder, etc.

  The plan was an utter failure.

  My brother will come back from America in the latter part of the year.

  (6) 比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)"越來(lái)...越"

  He became more and more eloquent towards the end of his speech.

  (7) 由拉丁文而來(lái)的比較級(jí)(接to不接than).

  He is junior to me. (to之后接受格)和 He is younger than I. (than之后接主格)

  其它的例子如下:

  senior(= older)和junior(= younger); superior(= better)和inferior(= worse); major(= more)和minor(= less); prior(= before)和prefer(= like better);

  (1) prefer + (動(dòng))名詞 + to + (動(dòng))名詞= prefer to + 原形… rather than + 原形

  I prefer reading to talking. = I prefer to read rather than talk.

  (2) The + 比較級(jí)…, the + 比較級(jí)… "越…, 越…"

  The more I read, the more intensely interested I became.

  The more he has, the more he wants.

  第一個(gè)the是關(guān)系副詞, 引導(dǎo)副詞子句, 修飾第二個(gè)the(指示副詞).(紅色修飾黑色)

  The happier a human being is, the longer he lives.

  在句意明確時(shí), 常以省略句的形式出現(xiàn).

  The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).

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