§ Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不適于演奏爵士樂

　　【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語

　　★jazz  n. 爵士音樂

　　a kind of music

　　★musical  adj. 音樂的

　　music student : the student who learned music

　　musical student :有音樂天賦的(當與人連用時)

　　★instrument  n. 樂器

　　instrument=musical instrument

　　★clavichord  n. 古鋼琴, 不是現(xiàn)代的piano

　　a kind of instrument

　　★recently  adv. 最近

　　recently=lately

　　★damage  v. 損壞

　　★key  n. 琴鍵

　　key to the door

　　Do you know the key(答案)to the question?

　　key(關(guān)鍵)structure

　　★string  n. (樂器的)弦

　　★shock  v. 使不悅或生氣, 震驚

　　跟人的情緒有關(guān)的動詞的賓語往往是 “人” (以sth為主語)

　　The news shocks me 這個消息使我震驚

　　凡是能夠用 “人” 做賓語, 又是表示人的情緒活動的動詞, 有兩個形容詞形成 :

　　1.令人……; + -ing 2.感到…… + -ed

　　It shocked me.

　　It is shocking.

　　I'm shocked.

　　get a shock n.

　　sb.get a shock

　　surprise 好事壞事都可以, 只要你沒有料到　I want to give you surprise.

　　shock 必指壞事, 令人不悅, 生氣的

　　★allow  v. 允許, 讓

　　1、allow doing

　　Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smokeing

　　2、allow sb. to do sth

　　sb.be allowed to do sth.

　　You are allow to smoke(被動語態(tài))

　　Allow常用于被動語態(tài), 習(xí)慣上用被動

　　You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you

　　★touch  v. 觸摸, 碰

　　【Text】

　　Lesson 10? Not for jazz? 不適于演奏爵士樂

　　First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音, 然后回答以下問題.

　　What happened to the clavichord?

　　We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

　　參考譯文

　　我家有件古樂器, 被稱作古鋼琴, 是1681年德國造的. 我們的這架古鋼琴存放在起居室里. 我們家有這件樂器已經(jīng)很久了,  是我祖父在很多年以前買的. 可它最近被一個客人弄壞了, 因為她用它來彈奏爵士樂. 她在擊琴鍵時用力過猛, 損壞了兩根琴弦. 我父親大為吃驚, 不許我們再動它. 父親的一個朋友正在修理這件樂器.

　　【課文講解】

　　be done (被動語態(tài))

　　call sb.sth.稱某人為什么

　　sb.be called

　　be made

　　1、be made in +地點

　　2、be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多種原料):由……制造(材料)

　　The ring is made of gold.

　　It is made from plastic.

　　3、be made into:被……制成

　　The gold is made into a ring.

　　is done:被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時

　　was done:被動語態(tài)的一般過去時

　　使用那一個不取決于動詞, 而取決于該句話的時態(tài)

　　只要見到ago,一定使用過去時

　　主動語態(tài)的主語變到被動語態(tài)中要在前面加by

　　play: 1.跟球類連用, 直接+球類; 2.跟樂器連用, +the+樂器, 演奏樂器而非音樂

　　play music on + 樂器 , 一定要用 “on”

　　hard: 修飾動作程度的重和深

　　漢語中習(xí)慣用主動形式, 英語中習(xí)慣用被動形式

　　be+動詞的ing形式 : 進行時態(tài)

　　be+done:　被動語態(tài)

　　be being done : 被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進行時

　　be動詞有多少種時態(tài), 被動語態(tài)就有多少種

　　have been done

　　will be done

　　can be done

　　had been done

　　is/am/are/was/were/ done

　　I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made.

　　The cake has been made.

　　The cake was made.

　　The cake had been made.

　　強調(diào)對象是人用主動, 強調(diào)對象是物用被動, 被強調(diào)的部分永遠做主語

　　雙重所有格/雙重屬格 : 名詞+of+名詞所有格(名詞性的物主代詞)

　　只有一張照片　my photo

　　很多照片中的一張　a photo of mine

　　It happened to a friend of mine.

　　【Special Difficulties】 難點

　　Exercise A

　　1? Is your watch made ______ gold?

　　2? These knives were made ______ Sheffield.

　　3? This cake was made ______ sugar, flour, butter and eggs.

　　of  2.in  3.from

　　Exercise B(改寫以下斜體部分)

　　1? He borrowed one of my records.

　　2? She showed me one of John's pictures.

　　3? It was one of her ideas.

　　4? One of your letters was found on my desk.

　　5? Some of their friends came to see me.

　　?

　　1.He borrowed a record of mine.

　　2.She showed me a picture of John's

　　3.It was an idea of hers.

　　4.A letter of yours was found on my desk.

　　5.Some friends of theirs came to see me.

　　雙重屬格結(jié)構(gòu) :

　　"a friend of my father"

　　"my father's friend(s)"　 ……只有一個(很多)朋友

　　"a friend of my father's" √

　　強調(diào)很多當中的一個或幾個的時候, 選用雙重屬格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　【Multiple choice questions】多項選擇題

　　7? We are not allowed to touch it. We ______ touch it.

　　a.mustn't b.mustn't to c.haven't to d.don't have to

　　7....A

　　"we are not allowed to touch it."不被允許

　　肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中must和have to是一個概念

　　否定結(jié)構(gòu)中must和have to就不一樣了

　　mustn't:不準, 不可以

　　have to的否定 : 不必(have實意動詞)……don't have to

　　You don't have to go to school.

　　You mustn't go to school.

　　9? It's kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.

　　a.have? b.hold c.lift d.carry

　　9....A

　　keep(kept,kept):保持; 保存

　　keep sth.+地點 : 在某地放...(狀態(tài))

　　put:放(動作)

　　That's where

　　That's后面+以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句

　　That's why:那就是...的原因

　　That's where:那就是...地點

　　lift:舉起

　　carry:扛著, 背著, 抱著

　　hold:擁有, 持有, 握著

　　have:擁有

　　10? The visitor damaged it. She ______ it.

　　a.hurt b.pained c.broke d.destroyed

　　10....C

　　"damaged"……可以修復(fù)

　　destroy……無法修復(fù)

　　pain……有身體的疼痛

　　hurt……hurt oneself/身體的某個部位/feelings: 受傷,傷害

　　身體的某個部位+hurt: ...疼痛

　　My hand hurts.

　　My leg hurts.

　　Hurt my leg.

　　broke——打破, 打斷, 打碎

　　I broke my leg.

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