表示“這個(gè)”，“那個(gè)”，“這些”，“那些”等意思的代詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式
1、指示代詞用法：
(1) 作主語(yǔ)：
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
This is what I want to emphasize. 這就是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。
This is a chair. 這是一把椅子。
That is Linda's book. 這是琳達(dá)的書。
Whose pens are those? 那些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。
(2) 作賓語(yǔ)：
We should always keep this in mind. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)常記住這一點(diǎn)。
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
Have you read this? 你讀過(guò)這個(gè)嗎？
I like these but she likes those. 我喜歡這些，而她喜歡那些。
(3) 作表語(yǔ)：
My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
Her plan is this. 她的計(jì)劃是這樣的。
His worries are those. 他的煩惱就是那些。
(4) 作定語(yǔ)：
You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在這個(gè)時(shí)候游泳。
I don't like that man. 我不喜歡那個(gè)人。
We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我們必須懂得他們這一套鬼花招。
2、指示代詞的用法區(qū)別
(1) this和these一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較近的事物，that和those一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。
例：This is a map of China and that is a map of the world。
這是一張中國(guó)地圖，那是一張世界地圖。
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 請(qǐng)這邊走，我們從那扇門進(jìn)去。
In those year they led a hard life. 在那些歲月里，他們生活得很艱難
2) this和these常指后面將要講到的事物，有啟下的作用，that和those常指前面已經(jīng)講到過(guò)的事物，起承上的作用。
例：I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我將對(duì)你說(shuō)這一點(diǎn)：他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他沒來(lái)的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花費(fèi)了他5美元。
(3) that和those有時(shí)可用來(lái)代替前面提到過(guò)的東西，以避免重復(fù)這個(gè)名詞：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 這些機(jī)器比我們?nèi)ツ晟a(chǎn)的好。
The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油產(chǎn)量比1986年高很多。
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中國(guó)的歷史同俄國(guó)的歷史一樣有趣。
(4) 在電話中，this表示打電話者，that表示接電話的對(duì)方。
例：A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking)。喂，我是鮑勃。
B: Who's that please? 請(qǐng)問是哪位？(美語(yǔ)用Who's it?或Who's this?)
3、such也是一個(gè)指示代詞，在句子中可用作：
(1) 定語(yǔ)：
We have had such a busy day. 我們今天忙得真夠嗆。
I don’t like such weather. 我不喜歡這樣的天氣。
(2) 主語(yǔ)：
Such was my immediate impression. 這就是我當(dāng)時(shí)的印象。
Such are the results. 結(jié)果就是如此。
(3) 表語(yǔ)：
His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病還不至于使人焦慮不安。
4、same也可以看作指示代詞，在句中能作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)：
She said the same thing all over again. 她把同樣的話又說(shuō)了一遍。
The same may be said of his brother. 他弟弟也有這種情形。
Our views are the same. 我們的看法是相同的。
“Happy New year!” “The same to you!” “新年好！”“新年好！”
