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新概念第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons28

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 文章作者:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2009-08-17 15:01:57

智能內(nèi)容

課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1.Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 賈斯珀·懷特是少有的相信古代神話(huà)的人之一。

在第21課的課文詳注中,我們?cè)?jīng)提到“one of +名詞/代詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),of后面的名詞必須是復(fù)數(shù),但與這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動(dòng)詞必須是單數(shù):

One of your friends is waiting for you now.

你的一位朋友正在等你。

課文中who代指的是one of those rare people,所以動(dòng)詞用believes。

2.… but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.………但自從搬進(jìn)去后,就和汽車(chē)及車(chē)主們發(fā)生了摩擦。

ever since的語(yǔ)氣比since強(qiáng),表示“從那以后一直,,主句一般用完成時(shí):

I've been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.

自從我的孩提時(shí)代起,我就對(duì)飛行一直感興趣。

He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.

他去年離開(kāi)了這座村莊,從那以后一直沒(méi)有回去過(guò)。

3.Jasper has put up‘No Parking’ signs outside his gate…賈斯珀曾把幾塊“禁止停車(chē)”的牌子掛在大門(mén)外邊……

put up在這里表示“掛起”、“豎起”等意思。

4.Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.

賈斯珀希望她把汽車(chē)和司機(jī)們都變成石頭。

(1)she指的是蛇發(fā)女怪美杜莎。根據(jù)希臘神話(huà),凡看她一眼的人都會(huì)變成石頭。

(2)turn在這兒的意思是“把……變成”,是及物動(dòng)詞:

They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place.

他們把那著名的風(fēng)景勝地變成了一個(gè)丑陋的地方。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

在第4課的語(yǔ)法中我們講過(guò)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ),其中包括before(now),so far, up to/till now,just,already,now,ever,never等;還講過(guò)有些用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子

不需要任何表示時(shí)間的詞。注意以下句子:

This is one of the worst photos I've ever taken.

這是我照過(guò)的最差的相片之一。

What a good film!

這電影真好!

Yes, I've never seen such a good film before.

是的,我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這么好的電影。

How many times have you had that dream?

那個(gè)夢(mèng)你做過(guò)幾次?

I've had it three times so far.

迄今為止我已做過(guò)3次。

除了這些詞以外,since和for也常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,表示直到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)段。since一般與一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用,for一般與一個(gè)時(shí)間段連用:

How long have y0u been a doctor?

你當(dāng)醫(yī)生有多久了?

I've been a doctor since 1989.

自1989年以來(lái)我一直是個(gè)醫(yī)生。

How long have you worked at the library?

你在圖書(shū)館工作多久了?

I've worked at the library for a week.

我來(lái)圖書(shū)館工作已經(jīng)一星期了。

I've lived here since 1980.

自1980年起我就住在這兒。

I've lived here for five years.

我已在這里住了5年了。

2.關(guān)系從句(Relative clauses)及關(guān)系代詞(Relative pronouns)

在第1冊(cè)第121~124課中,我們已接觸到關(guān)系從句。關(guān)系從句又可稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句或形容詞從句,它像形容詞一樣可以形容人、物及事件。關(guān)系從句可分為限定性(defining)關(guān)系從句(不帶逗號(hào))和非限定性(non-defining)關(guān)系從句(帶逗號(hào))。我們?cè)谶@里只討論限定性關(guān)系從句。

可以用來(lái)表示人的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom和that以及所有格形式whose,口語(yǔ)中whom經(jīng)常由who代替。用來(lái)表示事物和動(dòng)物的關(guān)系代詞有which和that。不論這些關(guān)系代詞指的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),其形式都保持不變。關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)往往可以省略,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)則不可以:

This is the photo (that/which) I took.

這是我拍的照片。(the photo為took的賓語(yǔ),that/which代替the photo,可省略)

The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.

我接待的那個(gè)人戴著一頂帽子。(who/whom為served的賓語(yǔ),可省略)

The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.

接待我的是站在柜臺(tái)后面的那位女士。(who為關(guān)系從句的主語(yǔ),不可省)

I bought the books which are on the counter.

我買(mǎi)的就是柜臺(tái)上的那些書(shū)。(which為關(guān)系從句的主語(yǔ),不可。

The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.

有個(gè)兒子一周前從家里逃走的那位百萬(wàn)富翁不是個(gè)慈父。

(whose在關(guān)系從句中作定語(yǔ),不可。

The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.

接待我們的是站在柜臺(tái)后面的那幾位姑娘。(who代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞the girls,形式不變)

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1.believe與believe in

動(dòng)詞believe的含義為“相信”、“認(rèn)為”:

Do you believe that cats eat grass?

你相信貓吃草嗎?

Are they at home?

他們?cè)诩覇幔?/p>

I believe so.

我認(rèn)為在。

believe in可以表示“信仰”、“相信……的存在”、“相信……的價(jià)值”:

I believe in God.

我信仰上帝。

He believes in ancient myths.

他相信古代神話(huà)。

這個(gè)短語(yǔ)還可以表示“信賴(lài)(人格、力量等)”:

I've never believed in John.

我從沒(méi)有信賴(lài)過(guò)約翰。

試比較:

I believe him.

我相信他(的話(huà))。(=I believe his words.)

2.because與 because of

because只能作連詞用,后面接從句:

You can't remember his name, because you aren't really thinking.

你想不起他的名字是因?yàn)槟銢](méi)有真正努力去想。

I want to go home now, because I'm tired.

現(xiàn)在我想回家,因?yàn)槲依哿恕?/p>

because of是介詞短語(yǔ),后面不可以跟從句,只能跟名詞或代詞。它既可以位于句首,也可以位于句子中間:

Because of the rain, we have to stay at home.

因?yàn)橄掠,我們不得不呆在家里?/p>

Because of you, we have to put the meeting off.

因?yàn)槟愕木壒,我們已把?huì)議推遲了。

He came back early because of the rain.

由于下雨,所以他回來(lái)得早。

He is absent today because of his father's illness.

由于他父親的病,他今天缺席。

3.can與 be able to

can表示天生的或?qū)W到的能力時(shí),只能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)(could),而不可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。將來(lái)時(shí)中表示能力時(shí)必須用be able to。在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)中,can/could與be able to一般可以互換,在完成時(shí)中一般用be able to:

He has never been able to get his own car into his garage.

他從來(lái)都沒(méi)能把自己的車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)車(chē)庫(kù)。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

I'll be able to pass my driving test after I've had a few lessons.

我上幾次課后就能通過(guò)駕駛考試。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

A has just bought(1.2);has had(1.3);has parked(1.4);has not been able(1.5);has put up(1.6);have not had(1.7);has put(1.8);have ever seen(1.9);has been turned(1.10)

2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

2 who/that  3 whose  4 which  6 that/which

3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1c  2d  3b  4b  5c  6d

7b  8d  9c  10d  11b  12a
 

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