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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——代詞3

來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 文章作者:匿名 2009-07-14 14:48:22

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  3.10 疑問(wèn)代詞

  1) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè):

  指人: who, whom, whose

  指物: what

  既可指人又可指物: which

  2) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒(méi)有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:

  疑問(wèn)代詞:Whose are these books on the desk?   桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?

  What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?

  限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?

  What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?

  哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?

  說(shuō)明1:無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)。例如:

  Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?

  What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?

  說(shuō)明2:Whom是who的賓格,在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,它作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如:

  Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰(shuí)?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))

  Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書(shū)帶給誰(shuí)?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置句首)

  To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰(shuí)講話了?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置介詞后,不能用who取代。)

  說(shuō)明3: 疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,疑問(wèn)代詞在句首,介詞在句末。例如:

  For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)

  What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ))

  說(shuō)明4: 疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:

  I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。

  Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?  你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰(shuí)的嗎?

  Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

  你說(shuō)的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。

  3.11. 關(guān)系代詞

  1) 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。它代表先行詞,同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分。例如:

  The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。

  該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。

  2) 關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,that 可指人也可指物,見(jiàn)表:

  指人 指物 指人或指物

  主 格 who which that

  賓 格 whom that that

  屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

  例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 這就是那枝折了尖的鉛筆。(whose 指物,在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))

  He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回來(lái)取他丟下的書(shū)。(which指物,在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)

  說(shuō)明:非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用that作關(guān)系代詞。

  3) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個(gè)句子。例如:

  He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他說(shuō)在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。

  說(shuō)明: 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。另外,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略,例如:

  I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.  我過(guò)去懂拉丁語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在大都忘了。

  He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他變化很大,已不是過(guò)去的他了。

  3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor

  1)不定代詞有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

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