課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．…detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. ……偵察們在機(jī)場等了整整一上午。

all 一般直接加表示時(shí)間的單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成副同短語，如：all day （整整一天），all night（整夜），all week（整星期），all winter（整個(gè)冬天），all year（整年）等。但不說all hour。

whole在表達(dá)同樣的意思時(shí)一般要加冠詞或數(shù)詞，如：a whole day/ year（一整天／年），two whole weeks（整整兩星期）。

2．…someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. ……有人向警方報(bào)告，說有人企圖偷走這些鉆石。

that后面的部分為動(dòng)詞tell的賓語從句。從句中的時(shí)態(tài)為過去將來時(shí)（would）。

3．When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.

當(dāng)飛機(jī)到達(dá)時(shí)，一些偵察等候在主樓內(nèi)，另一些偵察則守候在停機(jī)坪上。

（1）這個(gè)長句子由3個(gè)部分組成：when引導(dǎo)的是整個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語從句；some of…building為主句；while 引導(dǎo)的是動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的時(shí)間狀語從句。while作為連詞表示“和……同時(shí)”、“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”時(shí)經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)從句。（cf. 本課語法）

（2）地點(diǎn)狀語 on the airfield 與第一句中的 at the airport 意義相近。注重介詞on和at的不同搭配。

（3）代詞others經(jīng)常和some連用，表示“有些（人）……，也有些（人）……”或者“有的……，其余的……”：

Some students are very hard-working; others are not.

有些學(xué)生非常用功；有些則不然。

Some of the novels are interesting; (the) others are not.

在這些小說中，有些很有趣，其他的則不然。

4．keep guard, 守望，警戒，與 stand guard（站崗，放哨）意思相近。

Two thieves kept guard around the house while the others entered it.

兩個(gè)小偷在屋子外面守著，其他的則進(jìn)了屋。

They kept a close guard over the thieves.

他們對小偷們嚴(yán)加看管。

5．to their surprise, 令他們吃驚的是。

這個(gè)短語中的所有格形容詞their也可以換成其他所有格形容詞：(much) to my/ his surprise, to our surprise 等。一般不說 to your surprise.

語法 Grammar in use

1．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(The past progressive tense)

構(gòu)成：be的過去式+現(xiàn)在分詞（注重現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成）

（1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)經(jīng)常同在一個(gè)句子里使用。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況，一般過去時(shí)則表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事件。正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作或情況往往由連詞 when, while, as, just as等引導(dǎo)：

While/ When/ As I was sweeping the floor, I found your pen.

我掃地的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)了你的鋼筆。

while通常只引導(dǎo)持續(xù)時(shí)間較長的動(dòng)作，并且主句和從句可以同時(shí)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而when和as一般不這么用：

John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.

當(dāng)他的妻子和一位鄰居在電話中聊天時(shí)，約翰一直在看電視。

Some students were dancing and singing while others were eating and drinking.

有些學(xué)生在唱歌跳舞，而另一些則在吃喝。

Just as I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.

我正開前門的時(shí)候，電話鈴響了。

Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.

你進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我正要出門。

when也可以引導(dǎo)比較短暫的動(dòng)作，while和as則一般不行：

We were having supper when the lights went out.

我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)燈滅了。

2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如all morning, all night, all day, all evening, the whole week等，表示這段時(shí)間一直在干什么：

They were preparing for the party for two whole days.

整整兩天他們一直在為晚會進(jìn)行預(yù)備。

2．短語動(dòng)詞中的小品詞(The particles)

在上一課的語法中已經(jīng)提到，許多動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞后就會改變詞義。這些介詞和副詞通常被稱為小品詞。它們沒有詞形變化。有些小品詞既可以作介詞又可以作副詞。判定一個(gè)小品詞是副詞還是介詞要看小品詞有沒有帶賓語。有賓語的是介詞，沒有賓語的是副詞。介詞的位置相對固定些：I am looking for Tim.

我在找蒂姆。（for為介詞，位置不能變動(dòng)）

She looked after the baby.

她照顧那孩子。（after為介詞）

He put the fire/ it out.

他滅了火。（out為副詞）

Mother woke the children/ them up.

母親把孩子們叫醒了。（up為副詞）

She took the picture/ it down.

她把畫取了下來。（down為副詞）

Please turn the radio/ it off.

請把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。（off為副詞）

He turned it on.

約翰打開了電視。（on為副詞）

Put the cake on the table.

把蛋糕放在桌上。（on為介詞）

She is walking up the hill.

她正向山上走去。（up為介詞）

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．expect

（1）vt., vi. 預(yù)計(jì)，預(yù)料：

We expect a cold winter this year.

我們預(yù)計(jì)今年冬天會冷。

Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected.

正如他老師所預(yù)料的那樣，吉姆數(shù)學(xué)考試沒及格。

（2）vt. 等待，期待，盼望：

I'm expecting a letter from Jimmy.

我在等待吉米的一封信。

They are expecting guests tonight.

今晚有人要去他們那里作客。

expect所表示的等待一般暗含著根據(jù)某些信息或規(guī)律而作出相應(yīng)反應(yīng)的意思，而wait(for)主要指“等待”這個(gè)動(dòng)作本身：

He waited for her for more than an hour, but she did not come.

他等了她一個(gè)多小時(shí)，但她沒來。

Wait a minute, please.

請等一下。

（3）vt. 認(rèn)為，猜想（一般用于口語）：

I expect you've heard the news.

我想你已經(jīng)聽到這個(gè)消息了。

2．steal

（1）vt. vi. 偷盜，行竊：

Someone has stolen my bike.

有人把我的自行車偷走了。

John never steals.

約翰從不偷東西。

（2）vt. 巧妙地占有，偷偷地弄到手：

He has stolen away Mary's heart.

他已贏得瑪麗的芳心。

（3）vi. 偷偷地行動(dòng)，靜靜靠近：

He stole into the room.

他靜靜地進(jìn)了房間。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習(xí)答案

A detectives were waiting(1.1); They were expecting(1.2);

detectives were waiting(1.5); others were waiting(1.6);two detectives were keeping guard(11.7-8)

B 1 When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.

2 When two of the detectives opened the parcel, two others were keeping guard at the door.

C (sample answers)

1 I was getting into my bath when you telephoned me.

2 I was reading Hamlet when you saw me in the library this morning.

3 I was saying that you must see the new film when you interruped me.

D 1 was leaving…arrived 2 worked/ was working…was sitting/ sat3 was walking…met

4 was reading…heard

5 was preparing…set/ was setting

6 dropped…spoke

2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

1 He gave all his books away.

2 She woke the children up early this morning.

4 They cut the king's head off.

5 Put your hat and coat on.

7 Help me to lift this table up.

8 Take your shoes off and put your slippers on.

11 They have pulled the old building down.12 Make your mind up.

14 She threw all those old newspapers away.

3．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1 b 2 c 3 c 4 d 5 a 6 c

7 d 8 a 9 c 10 b 11a 12 b