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新概念第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons2

來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 文章作者:匿名 2009-06-19 17:23:52

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課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1.It was Sunday. 那是個(gè)星期天。

在句子中,我們常常用it指時(shí)間、天氣、溫度或距離。這種it有時(shí)被稱(chēng)為“虛主語(yǔ)”
(empty subject),因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有實(shí)際意義。它之所以存在,是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)句子必須包含主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)注意以下例句:

表示時(shí)間:

It is 8 o'clock.

8點(diǎn)了。

表示天氣:

It's raining again.

又下雨了。

It is cold.

天氣冷。

表示環(huán)境:

It was dark outside.

外面一片漆黑。

作為第3人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的中性代詞,it可以指一件東西、一個(gè)事件或者用來(lái)指是什么人:

It was my aunt Lucy.

是我姑母露西。(打來(lái)電話者)

It is a lovely baby.

真是個(gè)可愛(ài)的小寶寶。

2.on Sundays, 在星期天的時(shí)侯。

(1)復(fù)數(shù)形式指每個(gè)星期日,或大部分星期日,與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,表示經(jīng)常性的行為:

We do not go to school on Sundays.

星期天我們不上學(xué)。

I never get up early on Sundays.

星期天我從來(lái)不早起。

(2)介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)中:

on Monday星期一

on Friday 星期五

on Monday morning在星期一早上

on that day在那一天

當(dāng)我們使用last, next和this, that時(shí),介詞(以及定冠詞)必須省略:

I'll see you next/this Friday.

下個(gè)/這個(gè)星期五再見(jiàn)。

Last Sunday I got up very late.

上個(gè)星期天我起得很晚。

3.I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有時(shí)我要一直躺到吃午飯的時(shí)候。

(1)在表達(dá)臥床的意思時(shí)bed前不需加冠詞:

You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.

你必須再臥床兩天。

What time did you go to bed last night?

你昨晚幾點(diǎn)睡的?

It is time for bed now.

該睡覺(jué)了。

(2)until用于表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)等的持續(xù),可以譯為“一直到……為止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中,它與表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用,表示持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻:

I'll wait here until 5.

我會(huì)在這里等到5點(diǎn)鐘。

在否定句中,它通常與描述短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用,表示“到……為止”、“直到……才”:

She cannot arrive until 6.

她到6點(diǎn)才能來(lái)。

The rain did not stop until this morning.

直到今天早上雨才停了。

4.a(chǎn)rrive by train, 坐火車(chē)來(lái)。

by air乘飛機(jī)

by bicycle/bike騎自行車(chē)

by boat乘船

by bus乘公共汽車(chē)

by car乘小汽車(chē)

by land由陸路

by plane乘飛機(jī)

by sea由海路

by ship乘船

by train乘火車(chē)

Every morning he goes to school by bus.

他每天早上坐公共汽車(chē)去上學(xué)。

Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.

很早以前人們只能乘船去美洲。

如果是特指的交通工具,則要加冠詞或其他限定詞:

My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

我姑媽乘9點(diǎn)1刻的火車(chē)走的。

5.Dear me, 天哪。

這個(gè)感嘆方式可以表示驚愕、困惑、同情等。還可以說(shuō)“Oh, dear!”或“Dear, dear!”

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(The present progressive tense) 和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(The present simple tense)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事件,往往與now, just, still等副詞連用(cf. 第1冊(cè)第31課):

John is still sleeping.

約翰還在睡覺(jué)。

Jane is just dressing up.

簡(jiǎn)正在打扮。

Mrs. Smith is cooking now.

史密斯太太現(xiàn)在正在做飯。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,往往與頻度副詞連用,如often, always, sometimes, never等:

Do you often come here?

你常來(lái)這兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>

I always to the library on Friday.

星期五我經(jīng)常去圖書(shū)館。

Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.

海倫從來(lái)不給她兄弟托尼寫(xiě)信。她有時(shí)給他打電話。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也用來(lái)表示當(dāng)前(一段時(shí)間)的動(dòng)向:

Jack is working hard these days.

杰克最近工作很努力。

He does not usually work hard.

他通常是不努力工作的。

2.感嘆句(Exclamations)

以what開(kāi)頭的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)為:

What+adj.+n. +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!

主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)經(jīng)常被省略:

What an interesting play (it is)!

多么有趣的一出戲!

What a lot of flowers!

這么多花呀!

What fools they are!

他們真傻!

如果沒(méi)有形容詞,則往往表示批評(píng)或不大好的意思:

What a thing to say!

多么難聽(tīng)的話啊!

What a day!

鬼天氣!

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1.ring vt.

(1)鳴,響,發(fā)出清脆響亮的聲音:

Just then, the telephone rang.

正在這時(shí),電話鈴響了。

Every morning the clock rings at 6.

這鐘每天早上6點(diǎn)響。

(2)打電話給(美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中用call):

Please ring me when you get home.

到家后請(qǐng)來(lái)個(gè)電話。

Did you ring the doctor?

你給醫(yī)生打電話了嗎?

2.repeat

(1)vt. 重復(fù):

Will you repeat the last word?

您能重說(shuō)一下最后一個(gè)字嗎?

They are repeating that wonderful play.

他們正在重演那部精彩的戲劇。

(2)vi. 重做,重說(shuō):

Please repeat after me.

請(qǐng)跟我重復(fù)。

Don't repeat.

不要重復(fù)。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

A 1 are playing…play…is kicking…is running

2‘What are you doing?’my landlady asked.‘I'm leaving, Mrs. Lynch, I answered.‘Why are you leaving?’she asked…‘…friends never come to visit me…I frequently go to bed…I rarely listen…I always feel cold…’

B 1 She rarely answers my letters.

2 We never work after six o'clock.

3 The shops always close on Saturday afternoons.

4 Do you always go to work by car?

5 Our teacher frequently collects our exercise books.

6 We sometimes spend our holidays abroad.

7 I often buy CDs.

8 Do you ever buy CDs?

2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

1 What a wonderful garden(this is) !

2 What a surprise( this is) !

3 What a lot of trouble he is causing!

4 What wonderful actors (they are) !

5 What a hard-working woman (she is) !

6 What a tall building (it is) !

7 What a terrible film (it is) !

8 What a clever boy you are!

9 What a pretty girl (she is) !

10 What a strange guy (he is) !

3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1 c  2 d  3 c  4 c  5 a  6 b

7 b  8 a  9 d  10 c  11d  12  b
 

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